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AI Essentials
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List of AI Essentials

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40 cards

Master fundamental concepts, terminology, and key principles of modern artificial intelligence

Term
LLM
Definition
Large language model — AI trained on text to predict/generate words
Term
Token
Definition
Smallest unit of text an AI processes (word, part of word, or character)
Term
Fine-tuning
Definition
Training a pre-trained AI on specific data to specialize it
Term
Hallucination
Definition
When AI confidently generates false or nonsensical information
Term
Context window
Definition
Maximum amount of text an AI can remember in one conversation
Term
Embedding
Definition
Converting data (like text or images) into numbers that capture meaning and relationships
Term
Inference
Definition
Using a trained AI to generate outputs (vs. training it)
Term
Model weights
Definition
Learned parameters that determine how an AI responds
Term
Attention mechanism
Definition
How AI decides which parts of input are most relevant to each output
Term
Zero-shot learning
Definition
AI performing a task without seeing any examples of it
Term
Few-shot learning
Definition
AI learning a task from just a handful of examples
Term
Overfitting
Definition
When AI memorizes training data instead of learning general patterns
Term
Reinforcement learning
Definition
Training AI by rewarding good outputs and penalizing bad ones
Term
RLHF
Definition
Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback — training AI using human preferences
Term
Generative AI
Definition
AI that creates new content (text, images, code, etc.)
Term
Supervised learning
Definition
Training AI with labeled examples showing correct answers
Term
Unsupervised learning
Definition
AI finding patterns in data without labeled answers
Term
Hyperparameter
Definition
Setting you configure before training (learning rate, batch size, etc.)
Term
Epoch
Definition
One complete pass through all training data during learning
Term
Gradient descent
Definition
Method AI uses to improve by adjusting weights toward better outputs
Term
Bias (AI)
Definition
Systematic errors or unfairness learned from training data
Term
Latency
Definition
Time delay between sending a prompt and receiving a response
Term
API
Definition
Interface letting your code send requests to an AI service
Term
System prompt
Definition
Instructions defining AI's behavior and role before user input
Term
RAG
Definition
Retrieval-Augmented Generation — AI fetching relevant info before answering
Term
Transformer
Definition
Neural network architecture using attention — foundation of modern LLMs
Term
Temperature
Definition
Controls AI randomness: low = predictable, high = creative
Term
Prompt engineering
Definition
Crafting input text to get better AI outputs
Term
Pre-training
Definition
Initial training on massive data before fine-tuning for specific tasks
Term
Tokenization
Definition
Breaking text into tokens the AI can process
Term
Neural network
Definition
AI structure with layers of connected nodes that learn patterns
Term
Training data
Definition
Examples used to teach an AI model
Term
Multimodal AI
Definition
AI that handles multiple types of input (text, images, audio, etc.)
Term
Parameter count
Definition
Number of learned values in a model (e.g., GPT-4 has trillions)
Term
Prompt injection
Definition
Tricking AI by hiding malicious instructions in user input
Term
Top-p (nucleus sampling)
Definition
Alternative to temperature — AI only considers most likely tokens adding to p%
Term
Quantization
Definition
Compressing model to use less memory (8-bit vs 16-bit) with slight accuracy loss
Term
Benchmark
Definition
Standardized test measuring AI performance on specific tasks (MMLU, HumanEval)
Term
Agent
Definition
AI system that takes actions and uses tools to accomplish goals autonomously
Term
Vector database
Definition
Storage optimized for finding similar embeddings quickly (used in RAG)

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